Project file of economics on bop download

Secondly, why there was a need for tax reforms in India. Thirdly, what were these reforms that were brought in. And fourthly, what was the impact of these reforms on the economy and if this impact was what the government was planning to achieve through the reforms.

Key topics of the project are the following:. Under the topic digital India movement you need to chart the whole teleology of the digital India Movement. Basically, you need to give an overview of how this movement started, yeh thought process behind it, the impact of this movement and also what is your take on this entire movement. Some key topics that you can include are the following:. Important substitution and export promotion are the two key trade policy reforms and both of them are quite different from one another.

So, in the project you need to discuss the trade policy reforms in detail, then go on to talk about what is import substitution and export promotion and how both of them are different from one another. To conclude you need to bring it all together and throw light on what did the government hope to achieve by bringing in these two policies. So key topics that you can include in the project are the following:.

For this project, you need to talk in detail about how different economic variables impact the values of currencies or the exchange rate. Some key economic variables that you need to discuss in relation to the value of currency are as follows:. In this project, you need to discuss how the prices are determined in different forms of the market.

It will involve a detailed understanding of different forms of market, its structures, graphs and other data related to price determination. The key topics that you can include in the project are the following:. Returns to factor is an important law of production, making it one of the important components of economic study. A project on returns to factor must cover the following topics:. Balance of trade is the largest component of a country's balance of payments.

Debit items include imports, foreign aid, domestic spending abroad and domestic investments abroad. Credit items include exports, foreign spending in the domestic economy and foreign investments in the domestic economy. When exports are greater than imports than the BOT is favourable and if imports are greater than exports then it is unfavourable 7.

It is a broad term. It includes all transactions related to visible, invisible and capital transfers. It is always balances itself. Following are main factors which affect BOP a Conditions of foreign lenders. It is a narrow term. It includes only visible items.

It can be favourable or unfavourable. Following are main factors which affect BOT a cost of production b availability of raw materials c Exchange rate d Prices of goods manufactured at home 9. Importance of Balance Of Payments 1. BOP records all the transactions that create demand for and supply of a currency. Judge economic and financial status of a country in the short-term 3. This may also indicate change or reversal in the trend. This may indicate policy shift of the monetary authority RBI of the country.

If a transaction earns foreign currency for the nation, it is a credit and is recorded as a plus item. If a transaction involves spending of foreign currency it is a debit and is recorded as a negative item. The various components of a BOP statement 1. Current Account 2. Capital Account 3. Reserve Account 4. There can be either surplus or deficit in current account.

Types of Balances Trade Balance Merchandise: exports - imports of goods Services: exports - imports of services Income Balance Net investment income: net income receipts from assets Net international compensation to employees: net compensation of Employees Net Unilateral Transfers Gifts from foreign countries minus gifts to foreign countries Transactions in the capital account reflect a change in a stock — either assets or liabilities.

It refers to all financial transactions. It can be used to settle international payments between monetary authorities of two different countries. It means one-sided transfers. It can be in the forms of remittances, donations, gifts etc. Eg A person living in Germany sends money to his family in India. It is the account which records change in assets and liabilities of normal resident with the rest of the world.

It accounts for change in non financial assets, like borrowings from UN or from the other countries etc. It includes:. It includes commercial borrowings and external assistance, i. Borrowings and Lendings goes on the Debit side of the account.

It includes I nvestments to and from the rest of the world. Net 1. Current Account , , , A. Goods and services , , , a. Goods , , , 1. General merchandise , , , 2. Goods for processing - - - 3. Repairs on goods - 1, -1, 4. Goods procured in ports by carriers 3, 5, -1, 5. Nonmonetary gold - - - b. Services 91, , , 1. Transportation 30, 81, , 1. Travel 6, 15, -8, 2. Communications services 4, 3, 4. Construction services 5. Insurance services 3, -3, 6. Financial services 2, 2, 7.

Computer and information services 3, 2, 1, 8. Royalties and license fees - 1, -1, 9. Other business services 15, 22, -6, Personal, cultural, and recreational - services Government services, n.

Income 15, 71, , 1. Compensation of employees 2. Investment income 15, 71, , 2. General government 16, 86 16, 2. Other sectors , 3, , 2. Capital and Financial Account , 82, 55, A. Capital account 1, - 1, 1. Capital transfers 1, - 1, 1. Financial account , 82, 53, 1. Direct investment 34, 33, 1. Portfolio investment 5, - 5, 2. Other investment 93, 76, 17, 3. Official reserve assets 3, 6, -2, 4. Errors and Omissions - 8, -8, 4.

Similarly UK has 1. In this year current account improves due to workers remittances. Exports have always been than imports. Major imports are; food group milk,wheat,sugar,tea,pulses etc , The growth of Major export items are; Food group rice,fish wheat,spices,oil seeds Exchange rate averaged Rs.

Cause of Pakistan adverse balance of payments is increase in imports and decline in exports. In conclusion, we have listed above the following:. And also, we decided to list out the top popular economics topics for final year students via our YouTube channel. You can check the video below.

Do you need help on economics project topics with materials? Whatever degree you are acquiring in any school, we have listed above, complete economics project topics and PDF research materials document for instant downloads.